General Information

Figure 1 shows a steel canopy roof.

Canopy roof.
Steel canopy roof.

Trusses

Figure 2 shows a truss.

Truss.
Steel truss of a canopy roof with main measures.

The length l ≅ 3.5 m, and the height h ≅ 0.4 m. Field 1 has a shorter length and no diagonal; the purlins are placed away from the truss nodes.

  • How efficient is the truss?
  • Purlins

    Figure 3 shows the purlin layout.

    Purlin layout.
    Purlin layout of a canopy roof viewed from below.

    Three purlins are lying on the strong-axis, while one purlin lies on the week-axis.

  • What are some possible reasons for the above shown purlin arrangement?
  • Suspension Rods

    Figure 4 shows three suspension rods.

    Suspension rods.
    Suspension rods of a canopy roof.

    Suspension rod A is inclined in one plane, while suspension rods B are inclined in two planes.

  • What are the main structural differences between suspension rods A and B?
  • Figure 5 shows a suspension rod to canopy roof connection viewed from below.

    Suspension rod to canopy roof connection.
    Connection between suspension rod and canopy roof.

    The suspension rod is connected to a purlin by welding.

  • What are some possible reasons for connecting the suspension rod to the purlin instead of the truss?
  • Figure 6 shows a suspension rod to canopy roof connection viewed from above.

    Suspension rod to canopy roof connection.
    Connection between suspension rod and canopy roof.

    An uncovered roof sector is noticeable (also visible in figure 5).

  • What are the main problems?
  • Figure 7 shows a suspension rod.

    Suspension rod.
    Suspension rod with central member.

    The suspension rod consists of two circular hollow profiles and a central member, as shown in figure 8.

    Central member.
    Central member of a suspension rod.
  • What is the function of the central member?
  • Corner Zone Trusses

    Figure 9 shows the corner zone viewed from below.

    Corner zone.
    Corner zone of a canopy roof with steel trusses.

    The corner zone consists of three trusses: a diagonal truss (2), and two perpendicular trusses (1 and 3). The trusses are connected to the reinforced concrete structure as shown in figures 10 and 11.

    Trusses to reinforced concrete structure connections (side view truss 3).
    Connections between steel trusses of a canopy roof and the reinforced concrete structure of a building in the corner region.

    The trusses are connected to the reinforced concrete structure by holed end-plates and anchor bolts, which are marked by the yellow circles.

    Trusses to reinforced concrete structure connections (side view truss 1).
    Connections between steel trusses of a canopy roof and the reinforced concrete structure of a building in the corner region.
  • What are the main structural problems?
  • Corner Zone Suspension Rods

    Figure 12 shows the corner zone viewed from above.

    Corner zone.
    Suspension rods of a canopy roof in the corner zone viewed from above.

    Enlarged view 1 is shown in figure 13.

    Enlarged view 1.
    Suspension rod with deviation angle; structural problems.

    Upper and bottom profiles are not on the same axis.

  • How much load can be transferred from the bottom profile to the upper profile?
  • Figure 14 shows a corner zone sector viewed from below.

    Corner zone.
    Suspension rods of a canopy roof in the corner zone viewed from below.

    Suspension rod 3 is connected to suspension rods 4 and 5, as shown in figure 15.

    Suspension rods connections.
    Connection between three suspension rods  of a canopy roof; connection between suspension rods and the reinforced concrete column.
  • How efficient is the suspension system?