General Information

Figure 1 shows a covered tribune.

Covered tribune.
Covered tribune

Structural Concept

Figure 2 shows a schematic lateral view of the structure.

Covered tribune.
Schematic lateral view of a covered sports tribune with cantilever trusses

The girder consists of a cantilever truss that is connected at the top and at the rear of the reinforced concrete structure. The cantilever arm a ≅ 6 m, and the back truss span b ≅ 1.5 m. Figure 3 shows a further variant.

Covered tribune (variant A).
Schematic lateral view of a covered sports tribune with overhanging beams

The girder consists of a braced overhanging beam. The reinforced concrete structure connections are placed at the same locations as the used variant.

  • What are the main differences between variant A and the used variant?
    What are some possible reasons to choose the used variant instead of variant A?

    • Cantilever Trusses

    Figure 4 shows a side view of the back span region of a cantilever truss and a schematic lateral view of it.

    Cantilever truss (back span region).
    Back-span truss region and a lateral drawing of it
  • What is the structural purpose of members B and C?

    • Cantilever Trusses to RC Structure Connection

    Figure 5 shows D-members of the back span.

    D-members.
    Back-span truss members

    Connections 1 and 2 are shown in figures 6 and 7, respectively.

    Connection 1.
    Truss member to reinforced concrete structure connection using 3 anchor bolts

    The connection consists of an end-plate and three anchor bolts (marked by the yellow circles).

    Connection 2.
    Truss member to reinforced concrete structure connection using 4 anchor bolts

    The connection consists of an end-plate and four anchor bolts.

  • Does connection 1 structurally behave like connection 2?
    What are the main problems of the above shown connections?

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