General Information

Figure 1 shows the construction site of a covered sports tribune.

The cover structure consists mainly of half-portal frame shaped elements (yellow perimeter), tie trusses, roof bracing, purlins, and metal roofing sheets. The braced cantilever arm a ≅ 30 meters, and the spacing is about 10 meters.

Main Cover Structure

Figure 2 shows a schematic lateral view of the main structure.

The main cover structure consists of a reinforced concrete unit (hatched background) and a steel unit; the latter is made of circular hollow sections and consists of a truss column (red background) and a braced cantilever truss with a back span (yellow background). The reinforced concrete unit consists of a wall and a column. The two units are connected at the top of the RC column (1), along the RC column (2 to 5), and at the top of the RC wall (6). Figure 3 shows connection 1, while figure 4 shows connections 5 and 6.

The connection consist of a short circular hollow section, a base plate with stiffeners, and anchor bolts. This type of connection is installed on locations 1 to 5. The vertical support axes are marked by the yellow dash-dotted lines (A, B, and C).

Connection 6 does not have the short circular hollow sections, as the two truss members are placed directly over the base plates. Figure 5 shows a schematic lateral view of the structure without connections 1 to 5.

Web Members Arrangement

Figure 6 shows a schematic lateral view of the structure.

The cantilever truss is tapered and braced by two suspenders (S1 and S2). The web arrangement of the braced cantilever truss consists of zig-zag diagonals with verticals. The distance between the verticals is shorter in the suspender connection region (yellow background). Figure 7 shows a braced cantilever truss sector.

The suspenders are marked by the yellow dashed lines.