General Information

Figure 1 shows a suspension bridge that is used by motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians.

Suspension bridge.
 Two-span wooden suspension bridge over a river
Type Two-span suspension bridge
Main span ≅ 60 m
Deck width ≅ 2 m
Deck width to main span ratio ≅ 1:30
Shore Pylon Reinforced concrete
Central Pylon Steel and reinforced concrete
Girder Steel transverse beam

Cross-Section

Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of the bridge.

Cross-Section.
Cross-section of a two-span wooden suspension bridge

The girders are made of circular hollow sections, over which are placed timber stringers and four shore-anchored wire ropes (1 to 4). The stringers have an asymmetric and non-constant layout, and the timber deck planks are nailed over them. Figure 3 shows a bottom view of a bridge sector.

Bottom view.
Two-span wooden suspension bridge viewed from the bottom
  • What is the purpose of the four wire ropes?
    What are some possible reasons for an asymmetric and non-constant stringer layout?
  • Intermediate Supports

    Figure 4 shows a schematic lateral view of the bridge.

    Lateral view.
    Lateral drawing of a two-span suspension bridge with intermediate supports

    Between pylon A and the central pylon B are installed intermediate supports made of wood logs. The distance between pylons A and B ≅ 70 m, span A ≅ 47 m, the main span ≅ 60 m, and the hanger spacing is approximately constant. Figure 5 shows intermediate supports.

    Suspension bridge with intermediate supports.
    Main span with intermediate supports
  • What are some possible reasons to install the intermediate supports?
  • Wire Rope Bending

    Figure 6 shows a hanger to main cable connection.

    Hanger to main cable connection.
    Hanger to main cable connection of a two-span suspension bridge

    The hangers are made of steel wire ropes; they are bent over the main cables and terminated with U-bolt clamps. Enlarged view 1 is shown in figure 7.

    Enlarged view 1
    Bent steel wire rope with failed wires

    Failed wires at the outside bent region are noticeable.

  • What are some possible failure causes?
    What are the consequences?
  • Cable Barrier

    Figure 8 shows a schematic lateral view of the central pylon (B) region.

    Central pylon (B) region.
    Lateral drawing of the central pylon region of a two-span suspension bridge

    The cable barriers' top cables are anchored at the shores, and six additional girders (locations marked by the numbers) are connected to them by short hangers. Four stay cables (X and Y) are anchored at the cable barriers' top cables and at the pylon's top end. Figure 9 shows the anchorage at the cable barriers of the Y-stay cables.

    Stay cables anchorage at the cable barriers.
    Stay cables anchored at the cable barriers

    The anchorage consists of a direct (cable-to-cable) connection fixed with U-bolt clamps.

  • What is the purpose of the stay cables?
  • Figure 10 shows the main span in the central pylon region.

    Main span (central pylon region).
    Hanger cables connected to the cable barriers
  • How much load can be transferred from additional girder 1 to the cable barriers' top cables by short hangers 1?
  • Single-Span Suspension Bridge

    Figure 11 shows a schematic lateral view of the bridge and a single-span suspension bridge variant.

    Suspension bridges.
    Lateral drawing of a two-span and single-span suspension bridges

    The main span of the single-span suspension bridge ≅130 m, the hanger spacing and the deck width ≅ 2 m, and the sag-to-main span ratio ≅ 1:10.

  • What are some possible reasons to choose the used bridge instead of the single-span suspension bridge?
    What is a possible cross-section of the single-span suspension bridge?`