General Information

Figure 1 shows a suspension bridge that is used by motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians.

Suspension bridge.
Wooden suspension bridge over a river.
Type Single-span suspension bridge
Main span ≅ 90 m
Deck width ≅ 2 m
Deck width to main span ratio ≅ 1:45
Pylon Reinforced concrete
Girder Timber transverse beam

Hanger Rods

The hangers are made of steel rods, as shown in figure 2.

Hanger rod.
Steel hanger rod of a wooden suspension bridge
  • What are some possible reasons for using hanger rods instead of hanger cables?
  • Figure 3 shows the top region of a hanger rod.

    Hanger rod top (1).
    Hanger rod top with a not-closed hook

    The rod top has an open hook, and the white arrow represents an axial force (F). Figure 4 shows a further hanger rod top.

    Hanger rod top (2).
    Hanger rod top with a closed hook

    The rod top has a closed hook.

  • Does hanger rod 1 behave like hanger rod 2 when subjected to the axial force F?
  • Hanger Rod to Timber Girder Connection

    Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-section of the bridge.

    Cross-section.
    Cross-section of a wooden suspension bridge.

    The connection between the hanger rod and the timber girder consists of an additional rod, a washer and a nut. Figure 6 shows a connection between a hanger rod and the girder viewed from above.

    Hanger rod to girder connection (1).
    Connection between hanger rods and timber girder using additional rods

    The girder is made of two side-by-side placed beams; they are each connected by an additional rod with a different shape.

  • Does the connection to beam 1 behave like the connection to beam 2?
  • Figure 7 shows a further connection.

    Hanger rod to girder connection (2).
    Connection between hanger rods and timber girder using additional rods
  • How much load can be transferred from additional rod 1 to the hanger rod?
  • Figure 8 shows a connection viewed from below.

    Hanger rod to timber girder connection.
    Connection between hanger rods and timber girder using washers and nuts
  • What are the main problems?
  • Timber Condition

    Figure 9 shows a main span sector viewed from below.

    Main span.
    Girder connection of a wooden suspension bridge

    Vegetation growing on the beams is noticeable.

  • How does the timber condition affect the mechanical parameters of the girders?
  • Hanger Rod to Timber Girder Connection Failures

    Figure 10 shows a main span sector viewed from below.

    Main span.
    Wooden suspension bridge with two failed connections between hanger rods and timber girder

    Due to the connection failures, beams A1 and B1 are not supporting the stringers.

  • What are some possible failure reasons?
    Are those failures affecting the safety of the bridge?